This type of movement is found in the biaxial condyle, the saddle joints, and the multiaxial spherical joints. It involves the sequential combination of flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction in a joint. In contrast, the other end describes a circle. The circumvallation is the movement of a region of the body of circular shape, in which one end of the part of the moving body remains relatively stationary. The flexion and extension movements are observed in the hinge, condyle, saddle joints, and patella of the extremities. The knee flexion brings the foot to the back of the thigh, and the extension is the straightening of the knee. Keep in mind that the extension of the thigh beyond the anatomical position (standing) is limited by the ligaments supporting the hip joint. In the lower extremity, bringing the thigh forward and up is the flexion in the hip joint, while any rearward movement of the thigh is the extension. These movements take place in the first carpometacarpal joint. These include anteroposterior movements of the shoulder, the forearm in the elbow, the wrist, and the fingers in the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints.įor the thumb, the extension moves the thumb away from the palm, in the same plane as the palm, while the flexion brings the thumb back against the index or toward the palm.
The flexion decreases the angle between the bones (flexion of the joint) in the extremities, while the extension increases the arch and straightens the joint.Īll previous movements are flexion for the upper extremity, and all subsequent movements are an extension. The flat synovial joint type formed between the inferior articular processes of a vertebra and the superior articular processes of the next inferior vertebra. These spine movements involve articulating the symphysis formed by each intervertebral disc. Lateral flexion is the flexion of the neck or body to the right or left side. The spine is an anterior (forward) flexion of the neck or body, while the extension involves a backward movement, such as smoothing from a bent or bent back position.
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